masterBy Amos T. Odunfa CESM
Introduction
Healthcare waste (HCW) encompasses all waste generated within healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, research centers, and laboratories, as well as waste from healthcare procedures conducted in homes. With over 600 healthcare facilities in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) alone, effective management of HCW is crucial for public health.
HCW Classification and Waste Management Hierarchy
The classification of HCW lays the groundwork for its proper treatment and disposal. To protect public health, waste management follows a hierarchy, prioritizing waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. Minimizing waste generation and maximizing resource recovery are key goals, guiding practices from waste prevention to safe treatment and disposal.
HCW Management Plan (WMP)
A comprehensive HCW management plan is essential at all levels, including national, sub-national, and facility levels. These plans include strategies for waste prevention, reuse, recycling, safe treatment techniques, and appropriate disposal methods. Activities such as waste audits, policy formulation, master planning, and team setup are integral components at the facility level.
Waste Segregation and Management Team Composition
Proper waste segregation at the point of generation is critical for efficient recycling and safe storage. Utilizing color-coded waste containers and liners ensures effective segregation and temporary storage. Establishing a waste management team comprising representatives from management, medical services, hygiene departments, and logistics services is essential for effective implementation.
HCW Treatment Methods
Various treatment methods are available for HCW, including thermal, mechanical, chemical, irradiation, and biological treatments. Thermal treatments such as autoclaving and microwave processes, mechanical treatments like shredding and grinding, and chemical treatments such as disinfection and alkaline hydrolysis are commonly utilized. Biological treatments utilize enzymes to degrade organic waste.
HCW Disposal Methods
Disposal of HCW must follow proper pre-treatment procedures. High-heat thermal processes like incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification are used for waste disposal. Encapsulation involves containing untreated waste in materials like plastic foam or cement mortar before disposal. Landfilling is considered a last resort and requires appropriate pre-treatment to minimize environmental impact.
Conclusion
Effective management and disposal of healthcare waste are essential for safeguarding public health and preserving the environment. By adhering to proper waste classification, waste management hierarchy, and implementing appropriate treatment and disposal methods, healthcare facilities can minimize environmental pollution and protect public health.